Inverted strand polarity yields thermodynamically stable G-quadruplexes and prevents duplex formation within extended DNA

Abstract

DNA G-quadruplexes (G4) formed in guanine-rich sequences play a key role in genome function and maintenance, interacting with multiple proteins. However, structural and functional studies of G4s within duplex DNA have been challenging because of the transient nature of G4s and thermodynamic preference of G-rich DNA to form duplexes with their complementary strand rather than G4s. To overcome these challenges, we have incorporated native nucleotides in G-rich sequences using commercially available inverted 3′-O-DMT-5′-O-phosphoramidites of native nucleosides, to give 3′-3′ and 5′-5′ linkages in the centre of the G-tract. Using circular dichroism and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies and native gel electrophoresis, we demonstrate that these polarity-inverted DNA sequences containing four telomeric repeats form G4s of parallel topology with one lateral or diagonal loop across the face of the quadruplex and two propeller loops across the edges of the quadruplex. These G4s were stable even in the presence of complementary C-rich DNA. As an example, G4 assemblies of inverted polarity were shown to bind to the hinge region of Heterochromatin Protein 1α (HP1α), a known G4-interacting domain. As such, internal polarity inversions in DNA provide a useful tool to control G4 topology while also disrupting the formation of other secondary structures, particularly the canonical duplex.

Graphical abstract: Inverted strand polarity yields thermodynamically stable G-quadruplexes and prevents duplex formation within extended DNA

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Article information

Article type
Edge Article
Submitted
13 Oct 2023
Accepted
26 Aug 2024
First published
27 Aug 2024
This article is Open Access

All publication charges for this article have been paid for by the Royal Society of Chemistry
Creative Commons BY license

Chem. Sci., 2024, Advance Article

Inverted strand polarity yields thermodynamically stable G-quadruplexes and prevents duplex formation within extended DNA

B. Chilton, R. J. Roach, P. J. B. Edwards, G. B. Jameson, T. K. Hale and V. V. Filichev, Chem. Sci., 2024, Advance Article , DOI: 10.1039/D3SC05432B

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