Fabrication of closed-cell inverse opal photonic crystal pigments with angle-independent and stable structural colors
Abstract
The brilliant and non-photobleaching structural colors make photonic crystal (PC) pigments appealing replacement for traditional chemical pigments. However, pigments with angle-independent structural colors are usually fabricated through amorphous arrays, PC balls or PC powders of opal or inverse opal structure, which suffer from problems such as pale colors, inefficient and tedious fabrication process and unstable indefinite colors during usage. Herein, PS@SiO2 core-shell spheres were first synthesized and assembled into opal template with SiO2 sol infiltrated into interstices between spheres. The subsequent calcination transformed PS cores into pores with in-situ formed carbon black inside. Thus, bulk closed-cell inverse opal PCs (IOPCs) were obtained with ordered and isolated pores embedded into continuous SiO2 matrix. After being grinded into fine powders, PC pigments with vivid and angle-independent three primary structural colors were obtained with 268 nm, 305 nm and 352 nm PS@SiO2 spheres as building blocks, respectively. The closed cells protect pores from infiltration of solvent inside and maintain the necessary refractive index between pores and SiO2 matrix for bright structural colors. Thus, PC pigments with stable colors can be mixed with linseed oil and painting medium to prepare painting pigments, which can be used for painting delicate pattern with multi colors. The stable, vivid and angle-independent structural colors and the abundant colors from color mixing effect endow the PC pigments with great value in broad potential applications including art, aesthetics and displays.