A Two-Stage Extraction Model for Simultaneous Extraction of Essential Oil & Phenolics from Tulsi Leaves: Implementing blended-mode microwave hydro diffusion and gravity (MHG) model
Abstract
The work is based on implementing a blend of high, medium, and sustained low power microwave heating for the extraction of essential oil from tulsi leaves using the principle of MHG. The blended mode was implemented to target simultaneous extraction of essential oil and non-volatile principles (phenolics) from the same biomass through a two-stage phenomenon. The first stage dealt with extraction of essential oil using an optimized MHG protocol comprising of a blend of high (510 W) and medium power (340 W) microwave surge of 5 min each followed by completion of the experiment at low power microwave (170W). The yield of essential oil obtained from optimized MHG protocol (50 min) was found to be 5% w/w. Whereas, on the other hand MHG with single power microwaving at 170W (60 min), 340W (40 min) and 510W (25 min) produced a yield of 1.9%, 2.9% and 1.0% w/w respectively. Hydrodistillation (240 min) could achieve 1.9% w/w only. As per gas chromatography results, the % area of eugenol content was found to be 16.64% when compared to 15.45% obtained from hydodistillation. The second stage was about retention capabilities of the biomass with reference to the non-volatile components. The total phenolic content of the leftover biomass after MHG blended mode was found to be 6.1 mg GAE/g of dried extract which was more than the control (untreated) sample having a phenolic content of 5.4 mg GAE/g of dried extract. Whereas, biomass obtained after hydrodistillation showed a severe depletion of phenolic contents (1.9 mg GAE/g of dried extract). Thus, MHG (blended mode) offered extraction of essential oil in the first stage followed by extraction of non-volatile compounds from the same biomass in the second stage ensuring judicious and exhaustive use of plant biomass.